Points to Remember
- Fundamental Rights are discussed in Part 3 of the constitution.
- Bill of Rights The List of rights mentioned and protected by
the constitution is called the Bill of Rights.
Right to Equality - Equality before law
- equal protection of laws - Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
- equal access to shops, hotels, wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads etc. - Equality of opportunity in public employment
- Abolition of Untouchability
- Abolition of titles by State (except on excellence in Military or Academics)
- Equality before law
Right to Freedom - Protection of Right to
– freedom of speech and expression;
– assemble peacefully;
– form associations/unions;
– move freely throughout the territory of India;
– reside and settle in any part of India;
– practise any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business. - Protection in respect of conviction for offences
- Right to life and personal liberty
- Right to education
- Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases
- Protection of Right to
Right against Exploitation - Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour
- Prohibition of employment of children in hazardous jobs
Right to Freedom of Religion - Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion
- Freedom to manage religious affairs
- Freedom to pay taxes for promotion of any particular religion
- Freedom to attend religious instruction or worship in certain educational institutions
Cultural and Educational Rights - Protection of language, culture of minorities
- Right of minorities to establish educational institutions Right to move the courts to issue directions/orders/writs for enforcement of rights
Right to Constitutional Remedies - Right to move the courts to issue directions/orders/writs for enforcement of rights
- Fundamental Rights are different from other Rights
- While ordinary legal rights are protected and enforced by ordinary law, Fundamental Rights are protected and guaranteed by the constitution of the country.
- Ordinary rights may be changed by the legislature by ordinary process of law making, but a fundamental right may only be changed by amending the Constitution itself.
- Fundamental rights are not absolute or unlimited rights. Government can put reasonable restrictions on the exercise of our fundamental rights.
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